Angle recess area (ARA), the triangular area bound between the AOD line and the angle recess. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.118.10.1329. Maripudi S, Byrd J, Qureshi A, et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2860. Physiological utility of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the lacrimal drainage system. Surve A, Meel R, Pushker N, Bajaj M. Ultrasound biomicroscopy image patterns in normal upper eyelid and congenital ptosis in the Indian population. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-resolution ultrasound technique that allows noninvasive in vivo imaging of structural details of the anterior ocular segment at near light microscopic resolution and provides detailed assessment of anterior segment structures, including those obscured by normal anatomic and pathologic relations. Covidence was used to manage and detect duplicate references and for screening purposes. Analysis and interpretation of images begins with identification of the scleral spur, a protrusion of the sclera into the anterior chamber that attaches anteriorly to the trabecular meshwork. 2018;66:3838. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography versus ultrasound biomicroscopy for imaging of nonpigmented iris tumors. J Glaucoma. Ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. Observational or comparative studies of UBM findings. Rezende RA, Uchoa UBC, Uchoa R, Rapuano CJ, Laibson PR, Cohen EJ. Article Am J Ophthalmol. Arch Ophthalmol. In OSSN, AS-OCT shows a clear advantage by showing intralesional details and providing useful diagnostic information for management and follow-up. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is the only available option for noninvasive, high-resolution imaging of the intricate iridociliary complex, and for anterior segment imaging with corneal haze or opacity. Kamal AM, Hanafy M, Ehsan A, Tomerak RH. Its application in the AS was first reported in 1994 and recently is a useful tool with the ability of anatomic and structural measurement with an axial resolution of 5-10m, lateral resolution of 15-25m and tissue penetration of 3-6mm. 2019;72:13738. Mungan N, Nischal KK, Hon E, MacKeen L, Balfe JW, Levin AV. 2017;57:47. UBM was effective in identifying iridodialysis, cyclodialysis, angle recession, lens subluxation, and anterior segment foreign body in these patients. 2016; 25: e82e86. The authors concluded that UBM is useful in localizing anterior segment foreign bodies, and plays an important role in therapeutic planning [50]. Dai S, Kraft SP, Smith DR, Buncic JR. Ultrasound biomicroscopy in strabismus reoperations. Hardware, software, dual modality, automated and artificial intelligence (AI) image analysis, and novel clinical applications are on the horizon. Studies reported that UBM improved detection of complications, diagnosis, and management in pediatric uveitis. 2012;75:1225. El Shakankiri NM, Bayoumi NH, Abdallah AH, El Sahn MMF. Among the reviewed case reports and small series, 50% of publications focused on iridociliary cysts and 50% evaluated small solid tumors of various subtypes but not including retinoblastoma. Structural changes of the ciliary body and ciliary processes measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy of primary congenital glaucoma in comparison to glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery. The modification on existing ultrasound tools required an increase in ultrasound transducer frequency. Twenty-five percent were dedicated to evaluation of iridociliary cysts, and the remaining 30% evaluated various solid tumor subtypes. 2011;95:144650. UBM is particularly important in the diagnosis and management of ocular surface tumors. UBM imaging has matured over the last 30 years, yet ample space for improvement still exists in technology development and clinical use cases. In summary, UBM has been evaluated as an imaging tool in the evaluation of anterior segment ocular trauma in four major studies, including 253 eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:950955. PubMed 2015;56:1553. 2013;97:13259. Epidemiology and molecular genetics of congenital cataracts. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13192. To obtain A review. Ultrasound biomicroscopy comparison of ab interno and ab externo scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. Fujifilm Vevo 3100 VisualSonics Ultrasound A Fujifilm Vevo 3100 VisualSonics ultrasound system is in the Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, outside the specific-pathogen-free (SPF) barrier. Subsurface ultrasound microscopic imaging of the intact eye. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), the distance between the central corneal endothelium and the anterior surface of the lens. Sharma N, Mannan R, Jhanji V, et al. Studies lacking use of UBM or not reporting UBM results. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27492006000300018. [13] This non-invasive imaging technique is capable of providing high-quality cross-sectional images based on the reflectance of tissue using a near-infrared light, in contrast to UBM that uses sound. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;47:47883. J AAPOS. References of included studies were reviewed for relevance. Eur J Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0886-3350(01)00791-x. Seven studies compared subjects with various subtypes of pediatric glaucoma to matched controls. UBM can be used for imaging much of the anatomy of the anterior segment, as well as associated pathologies, including angle closure glaucoma, ciliary body cysts, neoplasms, and angle trauma. 2004;20:30811. Bacskulin A, Martin H, Kundt G, Terwee T, Guthoff R. Analyse der Dynamik des Ziliarmuskels whrend der Akkommodation [Analysis of the dynamics of the ciliary muscle during accommodation]. Rastogi A, Goray A, Thacker P, Kamlesh Babita. J Ophthalmol. Covidence identified 350 duplicates, leaving 1247 records to screen. 2012;96:10847. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.1.62. [19] [20] [21], Lastly, AS-OCT (with high-resolution or commercially available devices) can be a useful adjunct tool in the diagnosis of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN). [8] [9] In contrast, the resolution does not allow a high intralesional detailing with this modality. The remaining 43% of publications evaluated pre- and postoperative anatomy. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Int Ophthalmol. Quantitative analysis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment in cinese using UBM. Three of these studies focused on premature infants [79,80,81], and four focused on anterior segment changes concurrent with accommodation and dilation [65, 82,83,84]. S27 to S29 and movies S3 and S4; see materials and methods for details on acoustic simulation). Int Ophthalmol. Thank you for visiting nature.com. This purpose of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the body of literature involving use of UBM to describe, evaluate, diagnose, or optimize treatment of pediatric ocular disease. 2000;118:13291333. 2015;23:739. AS-OCT can also provide quantitative measurements and is used in keratoconus diagnosis, corneal refractive surgery, corneal transplant surgery, and other ocular surface diseases including tumors. These studies provide useful normative data [64, 85,86,87], and emphasize the importance of controlling for age and environmental factors during UBM imaging. Micrometer-scale resolution imaging of the anterior eye in vivo with optical coherence tomography. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. Ultrasound devices, which generate high-frequency sound waves, are best known for their imaging powers. These applications merely scratched the surface of the available clinical applications of a shallow depth yet high-resolution imaging tool unrestrained by the need for light penetration. Covidence was used as an initial organizational tool to extract the interventions, outcomes, and population characteristics of each study. Liu C, Djuth FT, Zhou Q, Shung KK. By better understanding features of the pediatric eye that have been previously studied, we aim to bring attention to the areas of study that are lacking, in particular quantitative outcomes assessments, longitudinal or cohort studies to identify clinically relevant risk factors for clinical worsening or improvement, interventional cohort studies, and continued evaluation of the structural anatomy of the anterior segment that contributes to disease. The most common topic of literature evaluating use of UBM in pediatric subjects with corneal pathology was congenital corneal opacities (CCO), including but not limited to the spectrum of anterior segment dysgenesis. Kurilec JM, Zaidman GW. ISSN 1476-5454 (online) Eur J Ophthalmol. The full texts of identified studies were examined. 2012;22:3428. J Biomed Opt. Compared with indirect ophthalmoscope, statistical analysis showed significant differences in the number of clock hours of peripheral pathology detected by UBM [32]. Clinical characteristics and surgical procedures for children with congenital membranous cataract. 2014;33:84850. Wang X, Liu X, Huang L, et al. Given the growing popularity of intraoperative AS-OCT, and the pattern of parallel advancements of these two technologies, intraoperative UBM is a logical future step for diagnostic/therapeutic UBM applications in pediatric eye disease. Ultrasonic biomicroscopy images of zebrafish eyes were obtained with these transducers which demonstrate the feasibility of high resolution imaging with a performance comparable to optical. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM 1 ), contrast-enhanced imaging, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE 1 ), three specialized ultrasound imaging techniques that have been used in rat and mouse research, are also reviewed. Ludwig K, Wegscheider E, Hoops JP, Kampik A. 2013;120:212212.e2123. Alexander, J.L., Wei, L., Palmer, J. et al. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in the assessment of extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) and to correlate the imaging features with pathologic findings. Ophthalmology. Nanji AA, Sayyad FE, Galor A, Dubovy S, Karp CL. Resolution ranges from 20 to 100 m. 2009;116:172530. Comperative analysis of accuracy between low-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy and 14-MHz ultrasonography with tissue harmonic imaging for the evaluation of the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataracts | BMC Ophthalmology | Full Text Research Open Access Published: 22 October 2021 2012;33:e10813. 2000;130:4839. 2008;12:12831. Ophthalmology. Nanji AA, Mercado C, Galor A, Dubovy S, Karp CL. Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) is a technique primarily used for imaging of the anterior segment (AS) of the eye. It was first introduced in the early 1990s by Foster and Pavlin as a way to obtain cross-sections of the eye at microscopic resolution. To image organs deeper than 6 cm beneath the skin (i.e., heart, stomach, diaphragm, and lung), we chose an ultrasound probe with a center frequency of 3 MHz and adopted the phased array imaging method (figs. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300960. Biopsy with histopathology remains the gold standard as it allows histologic diagnosis with cellular atypia assessment, removal of the entire lesion (in excisional biopsy), evaluation of margins and tissue invasion.[24]. Several additional bimodal techniques show promise for future clinical applications and potentially enhanced in vivo diagnosis. All studies concluded that recti muscle insertions can be well localized using UBM [13, 66,67,68], with less accuracy for lateral rectus position noted in only one study [69]. 1) Rhegmatogenous (RRD) or tractional versus exudative retinal (TRD vs. ERD) detachments (Fig. You and your specialist can see clear, well-defined views of your joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves and soft tissues. Preoperative evaluations quantified anterior chamber anatomy and assisted in surgical management of capsular anomalies (posterior defects and membranous cataracts) [43,44,45]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-015-0141-z. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.12.049. Key findings from these studies include: (1) AS-OCT and UBM can be used interchangeably for corneal thickness and depth measurements in patients with CCO [53], (2) in cases of CCO with penetrating keratoplasty histopathological correlation, UBM diagnosis was correct 100% of cases while clinical diagnosis prior to UBM was correct in 62% of cases [54], (3) UBM informs genotypephenotype correlations [54], (4) UBM assisted in both diagnosis and treatment decisions for CCO [55,56,57,58,59].